![]() ![]() ![]() As a result, a greater inhibition rate was observed when antibiotic-resistant bacteria were treated with a combined therapy (100%) compared with either the PDT (74.2%) or SDT (70%) alone. ![]() Synergistic PDT and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) improved the photosensitizer utilization rate. The SiO 2 layer, which improved the biocompatibility of the UCNPs, surrounded the yolk structure, with a cavity space which had a high efficiency of loading photosensitizers. Excitation of UCNPs with near-infrared (NIR) light that has improved penetration depth for photodynamic therapy (PDT) enabled the activation of HMME and RB and thus the generation of singlet oxygen ( 1O 2). The multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) were achieved by enclosing hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) into its yolk-structured up-conversion core and covalently linked rose bengal (RB) on its silica (SiO 2) shell. ![]() The present study reports the development of yolk-structured multifunctional up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that combine photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy for effective killing of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The worldwide increase in bacterial antibiotic resistance has led to a search for alternative antibacterial therapies. ![]()
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